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(1) Q. Why is the Royal Navy referred to as the Andrew? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. There are two versions of the origin of the nickname. The most common is that it came from Andrew Miller, claimed to be a very successful press gang officer of the 18th century. To date there is no documentary evidence of his existence. The other version is that the name comes from St Andrew, patron saint of sailors and fishermen. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(2) "Sweet FA. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
It stands for "Sweet Fanny Adams", but there's nothing sweet about the origins of this expression. Fanny was an eight-year-old-girl from Alton, Hampshire, who was murdered on the 24th August 1867, her body cut into pieces and scattered over a wide area including some pieces being thrown into the River Wey. Her killer, Frederick Baker, a 24 year old solicitor's clerk, was hanged at Winchester on Christmas Eve that same year. In 1869 the Royal Navy changed their rations from salted tack to low-grade tins of chopped-up, sweet mutton for British seamen. It was tasteless and unpopular and, with macabre humour, the seamen encouraged speculation that parts of Fanny's body had been found at the Royal Navy Victualling Yard in Deptford and christened it "Sweet Fanny Adams". On land, the phrase was used to describe anything boring and not worth describing - as was the ration, not poor Fanny. |
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(3) Is it true that the three white piping stripes on a blue jean collar commemorate Nelson's great three victories - The Nile, Copenhagen and Tragalgar |
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Theory 1 This is an old legend but completely without foundation. When Jack's uniform was first regulated in 1857 only two white stripes were authorised on the collar but the ratings themselves (who then and for long afterwards made most of their own clothing) just thought three looked better and kept adding an extra stripe. Eventually the Admiralty simply caved in and made the three stripes regulation wear. Theory 2 Sadly three stripes on the blue jean collar have no connection with Nelson. The three stripes arrived when the Royal Navy rapidly expanded because of the Napoleonic wars. Production of uniform collars was sub-contracted and the new collars arrived with three stripes instead of two. On Player's Medium cigarette packets the rating pictured has a cap-tally HMS Hero and a collar with two stripes. Theory(or Fact) sent by Pete (Scurs) Whellams When I joined the Andrew in 1951, as a lowly EMII my classmates and I were advised by our parade ground instructor that there were several anomalies regarding the origins of certain aspects of the traditional naval uniform. He waxed eloquent on the reason for the blue jean collar with its three stripes, the silk and the seven horizontal creases in Jacks bell bottom's. The collar, we were told was a means of protecting his uniform against the wax or tar the matelot used to 'fix' his long hair into a pigtail, thus keeping it from dropping over his eyes. The three stripes had nothing to do with Nelson's three major battles, but were purely for decoration. Contrary to general belief, the black 'Silk' had no connotations with Nelson's death. It was merely a reminder of the traditional sweatband that gunners tied round their foreheads to stop the sweat running into their eyes, when manning the cannons. Again, contrary to popular belief, the seven horizontal creases in Jack's bell bottom trousers did not represent 'The Seven Seas', but were just a convenient and space saving way of folding and stowing his uniform in lockers. Ratings did not have wardrobes. They also ensured that the trousers took up a 'inflated' look, which accentuated the 'bells'. Any more theories? Send them in. |
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(4) To pull your finger out. |
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An expression associated these days with urging someone to hurry up, like so many English phrases it has a military or naval origin. After loading, cannons had a gunpowder charge poured into a small ignition hole and held in place with a wooden plug. In battle, when a high rate of fire was desirable, the gunpowder would be held in place by a gunners finger. Impatient officers would shout at the hapless artilleryman to "pull your finger out!" so the heavy weapon could be fired. It has not been recorded how many such digits were lost on the battlefields. |
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(5) When and why did non-commissioned personnel in the RN become know as "ratings" and those in the Army as "other ranks" |
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Seamen in the Royal Navy have always been classified according to their skills. Ordinary Seaman, Able Seaman etc and their "rate" of pay adjusted thereunto. Nowadays their rating also includes their specialisation eg communicator, mechanic and so forth. |
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(6) Gadget Not many people know that this word was first used in the Royal Navy in the 19th Century. If you couldn't remember the proper name for a small piece of equipment you called it a gadget. From there it escaped into general use to describe small mechanisms and implements, especially those used in the kitchen - things like can openers, apple peelers and sausage stuffers. |
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(7) Blazer |
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The blazer was originally a brightly coloured jacket used in boating and cricket. These are now often called "sports blazers" to distinguish them from the more sober style used today. It has been suggested that the name derives from HMS Blazer whose Captain, in 1845, dressed his ship's company in striking blue and white striped jerseys. |
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(8) SOS |
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The SOS signal is 100 years old this year (2008). It is the most meaningful "acronym" in the English language despite meaning nothing. It does not stand for Save Our Souls, Stop Other Signals, Survivors On Ship, Send Out Succour, Save Our Sailors/Ship/Skins or any other variant. It certainly does not stand as one theory claims, for Spasti Ot Smerti (the Russian "save from death"). SOS is simply the shortest three-letter arrangement in Morse code: three dots, three dashes and three more dots. Of course technology has moved on dramatically since 1908 and only very occasionally are the tell-tale dots and dashes that have saved countless lives employed today. After a century. SOS has come full circle: it started off as meaningless and in some circumstances, it still is. However, Morse code is not entirely dead because you will often hear two dashes (the letter M for message presumably) coming from a mobile phone that a text message has been received. |
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(9) Why do we refer to a square meal? |
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From Nelson's time British seamen ate from a square plate. The contents were deemed sufficient, hence the expression was used in ordinary speech to indicate a satisfying and wholesome meal. The associated "three square meals a day" was taken as the indicator of an adequate intake to work and fight the ship. Therefore in ordinary speech, an amount able to keep someone going throughout the day. The edge of the plate was known as the fiddle. Thus another expression "on the fiddle" described those who surreptitiously took their neighbour's share. This was a serious crime when long voyages and lack of fresh food meant rigorously allocated portions. |
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(10) Freeze the balls off a brass monkey - First theory |
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On old warships it was necessary to keep a good supply of cannon balls near the cannon. To prevent them rolling about on the deck was a problem though. The best storage method devised was to stack them on a square based pyramid with one ball on top, resting on four, which rested on nine which rested on sixteen. Thus a supply of thirty cannon balls could be stacked in a small area next to a cannon. There was only one problem - how to prevent the last sixteen from sliding/rolling from under the others. The solution was a metal plate with sixteen round indentations, called, for reasons unknown, a Monkey. If this plate was made of iron the iron balls would quickly rust to it. The solution to the rusting was to make them of brass, hence Brass Monkeys. Few landlubbers realised that brass contracts much more and much faster than iron when chilled. Consequently when the temperature dropped too far the brass indentations would shrink so much that the iron cannon balls would come right off the monkey. Thus it was quite literally cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey.
Freeze the balls off a brass monkey
- Second theory It is also said that the phrase above has got nothing to do with cannonballs. In fact, the phrase means exactly what is says. The fake nautical euphemism is an attempt to make its rude humour more acceptable and the reasons for this are shown below. Firstly, it doesn't make any sense to stack piles of cannonballs on the deck of a pitching warship. And they weren't. They were kept in long thin racks running between the gunports, with a single hole for each cannonball. Second, these frames were called "shot-racks" or "shot garlands" and they were made of wood, not brass. Third, for one of these imaginary "brass monkeys" to contract even 1 millimetre (0.3 inch) more than the iron cannonballs it was supposed to hold, the temperature would have to drop to -66 degrees Celsius - 8 degrees than ever recorded in Europe. Fourth, naval slang from the days of sail abounds in expressions that involve the word monkey but the phrase "brass monkey" is nowhere among them. The Sailors Word Book of 1867 , the comprehensive dictionary of nautical terms compiled by the naval surveyor and astronomer Admiral W H Smyth (1788-1865) records monkey-block, monkey-boat, monkey-tail, monkey-jacket, monkey-spars and monkey-pump (an illegal device for illegally sucking rum through a hole drilled in the cask). The only entry under BRASS reads: "BRASS - Impudent assurance". Fifth, according to Dr Stewart Murray, a professional metallurgist and Chief Executive of the London Bullion Market Association, the difference in thermal contraction between brass and iron in such a situation is "absolutely tiny", even at extreme temperatures and far too insignificant to have that kind of effect. The phrase began life demurely as "cold enough to freeze the tail off a brass monkey". It was first recorded in mid-nineteenth century America and variants of it were used as often about extremes of heat as they were of cold. In Herman Melville's novel Omoo (1850), one of the characters remarks that "It was 'ot enough to melt the nose off a brass monkey". Michael Quinion of www.worldwidewords.org suggests that the "monkey" element originated in the popular nineteenth-century brass ornaments featuring the three monkeys that "hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil". Clustering round a roaring Dickensian fire on a winter's night, far inland from sea, what better reminder could there be of how cold it is outside than the like of cheeky brass monkeys sitting on the mantelpiece. |
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(11) Show a leg |
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Women were allowed to stay onboard Royal Navy ships in harbour during the 19th century and they were allowed to stay asleep after the sailors had been roused. The order of show a leg was given so that the person remaining in the hammock could show a shapely woman's leg which was distinguishable from the hairy-legged sailors. |
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(12) Piping hot |
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If food was collected from the galley as soon as the appropriate "pipe" was made then it would still be hot when served. |
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(13) Chewing the fat |
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As food was stored in a barrel of brine for months on end, in order to break down the tough rind of beef a great deal of jaw action (or chewing) was needed. |
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(14) Long shot |
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This saying originated from firing a cannon beyond it's normal range - trying something with little hope of success. |
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(15) Toe the line |
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We all know this means to conform to authority and stems from when the ship's company were mustered for pay or victualling. Each sailor would step up to a line marked on the deck and give his name and duties - hence toeing the line. |
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(16) Why is the Navy salute different to the other Services? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
As we know Army and RAF personnel salute with the palm facing outward and move their hand in a bigger arc on the way up. This originates when sailors climbed the rigging of ships and their palms became covered in rope burns and tar from the rigging. Admirals of the day did not like their sailors showing dirty hands when saluting so the hand was inclined downwards to hide the palm. The straight up and down element of the Navy salute stems from confined spaces within warships. |
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(17) Where did the nickname "Tug" Wilson come from? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The name is derived from the nickname of former First Sea Lord Sir Arthur Knyvet Wilson (1842-1921), a recipient of the Victoria Cross. He was given the name when, as an Admiral, he ordered a battleship to come alongside but the captain struggled to make the manoeuvre, prompting the short-tempered Wilson to signal offering a tugboat to assist.
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(18) Black Tot Day 31 July 1970 |
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This date commemorates one of the darkest anniversaries in the history of the Royal Navy when the daily ration of rum was abolished by the Admiralty Board bringing to an end to 350 years of tradition. Rum was first introduced to the RN in 1655 when the British Fleet captured the island of Jamaica. In 1740 Admiral Edward Vernon had the rum watered down to help minimize the effect of alcohol on sailors. This was known as "grog". While many believe the name came from the grogram coat that Admiral Vernon wore in rough weather the term predates his famous order. The name probably originates in the West Indies perhaps of African etymology of mixing water with alcohol. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(19) Crossing the Bar |
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The diplomatic and polite phrase for advising of departed friends and comrades originates from a poem written in 1899 by Alfred Lord Tennyson. This compares death to crossing the "sandbar" between the tide or river of life, with it's outgoing "flood" and the ocean that lies beyond death, the "boundless deep" to which we return. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(20) Guzz | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A guz is a unit of length used in parts of Asia similar to a yard although the size varied over time. Sailors when referring to the Dockyard used to abbreviate the word to simply "The Yard" and when returning home from a sea trip this was further shortened to "Guzz" as we know Plymouth today. |
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(21) Jago's Mansions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HMS Drake, or HMS Vivid as it was known early in the 20th century has the nickname Jago's Mansions. This is in honour of Warrant Instructor in Cookery Alphonso Jago who introduced a major change from ratings eating in their messes to using dining halls. This became known as the general mess system as opposed to canteen messing and the rest of the Royal Navy followed suit around 1922. |
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(22) To call for a damp | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(See Naval Slang page) A silent deadly (or Ninja) fart. Originating from cannon firing drill. After firing a round the Gun Layer would call for the barrel to be swabbed with a damp mop to dowse any remaining burning material before re-loading (for obvious reasons). In the process of damping any remaining sulphurous gases in the barrel from the previous discharge would be forced up through the "Priming Hole" having the effect of a silent and deadly fart. Hence the explanation "Blimey have you called for a damp?" In other words "Have you farted?" |
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(23) Hopping off at Fratton Bridge | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(See Naval Slang Page). Coitus Interruptus. Having intercourse without a condom. Fratton Bridge is/was the railway station before Portsmouth. It was unmanned in the early morning when the "Milk Train" stopped there and matelots returning from weekend leave without a train ticket would alight in order to avoid paying a fare. |
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Thanks to Brigham Young for this Do
you often find yourself missing the "good-old
days" of Navy life? Maybe waxing nostalgic about
those
adventuresome days spent at sea? Here's how
to simulate living aboard ship by recapturing
that long-gone atmosphere in and around your home.
19.
Take an old tin can and rig it with a light bulb inside and a switch on the outside. Install
it on the
underside of your coffee table. Turn out
all other lights. Crawl under the table with a smelly, damp blanket and read books. |
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Joke - courtesy of Pete Whellams (the old ones are the best) A
very green OD joined his first ship and the senior hand of the mess was a very long-served, ancient 3 badge AB with Pee-do and many campaign medals.
He eyed the new arrival with some amusement and then said: 'Welcome aboard.
My name is 'Jumper' Collins. Everybody who is anybody knows me and I know everybody, so don't you forget it'. |
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'Nuther Nautical Joke from Pete Whellams. The argument continued with
neither Admiral giving way so it was decided that a rating from each service be
put to the test and thereby ascertain which sailor was the bravest. |
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Thanks to John Dickson for the following:
NOTICE
OF RETURN FROM THE SOUTH ATLANTIC The following
was circulated during 1982. It has since then been taken up by most ships and
sent to Mum's and Dad's, wives and sweethearts awaiting the return of their
loved ones. Issued
in solemn warning on this the ..................................day of
..............................................19__ To all
neighbours, friends and relatives of
..............................................................from HMS _____ LOCK
UP YOUR DAUGHTERS:-FILL THE FRIDGE WITH BEER:- GET HIS CIVVIES OUT OF MOTHBALLS'
We hope
that you have enjoyed this letter and look forward to our glorious return. |
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Yet another one from Pete (Scurs) Whellams Expect
you've heard the following messdeck dit before but after all these years it
still raises a smile............. |
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Thanks to Chris (Jesse) Owen for this Many
people are at a loss for a response when someone says, "You don't know Jack
Schitt." Now you can handle the situation with ease.
The Schitt-Happens children were Dawg, Byrd, and Hoarse. Bull Schitt, |
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